Bullying and the longterm effects Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Harassing and the longterm impacts - Thesis Example Harassing Statistics (2009) attests that Internet has designed many new types of tormenting procedures through visit projects, email, or via web-based networking media destinations. Mobile phones are the most up to date structure for tormenting somebody. Every one of these structures are similarly material to the current age youngsters concentrating in schools. Colorado Trust (2012) contends that the impacts of harassing can win lifetime. Survivors of harassing may have more medical problems, low confidence, more vulnerable social associations and high possibility of scholarly disappointments. Simultaneously, the individuals who are associated with harassing build up a criminal record before age 24. The observations, perspectives and practices of instructors, guardians, and different grown-ups contribute a great deal in strengthening harassing. Numerous grown-ups manage the issue of tormenting as an ordinary method of growing up and even impart harassing conduct themselves. It is such a difficult issue, that 30 states have established enemy of harassing laws in order to control and kill tormenting from their states. State laws either characterize harassing or solicit state sheets from instruction to do as such. Colorados law, for instance, characterizes tormenting as any physical demonstration, or verbal or composed incitement, that may make trouble anybody in the school or at any school related spots including school grounds, school vehicles or at assigned bus station. In a state like Georgia, any region that neglects to make against tormenting strategy doesn't get state subsidizing. A few states have coordinated harassing avoidance programs into the educational plan. In Virginia, each school needs to address the impropriety of tormenting in their schools character program. Menace Police USA is an association that investigates state strategy laws on tormenting and awards rating to them. Oklahoma state training office initiates research-based projects f or the anticipation of terrorizing, badgering and harassing of understudies at each government funded school in the (State Policy Trends

Advertising Skin Care And Beauty Products Media Essay

Publicizing Skin Care And Beauty Products Media Essay Healthy skin items with brightening and helping capacity have been acquainted with the Asian market over the previous decades years and it recorded as the top rated item classes in the Asian excellence industry. (Ashikari, 2005)According to the investigation title The Quest for Beauty: Asias Fascination with Pale face (2009) expressed the absolute brightening advertising is estimated the market will be proceeding to $18 billion and the pace of development is around 12 percent yearly. (Deirde,B, Helen, C, Mark, D, F, 2010, p26) In South East Asia, there are in excess of 62 skin helping items were presented in year 2008. Plus, the contribution of ladies in the workforce increments in their salary and riches. The vast majority of the ladies will in general purchase the brightening item to help their skin. (Deirde,B, Helen, C, Mark, D, F, 2010) To satisfy the shopper needs, the brightening item was all the while creating to coordinate the market request. (August, 2008) The consequence of the Asian ladies utilizing skin helping items is appeared in the Table 2.1 Table 2.1: Result of Asian ladies utilizing skin helping items Asian nation Evaluated % of Women Using Skin Lightening Products Thailand 58 Philippine 50 Hong Kong 45 Malaysia 41 Indonesia 60-65 (Source from The Quest For Beauty: Asias Fascination With Pale Skin, p27, 2010) There are a great deal of legends about light complexion tone. In the present social setting, light complexion tone represents womens magnificence, yet in addition will extend womens conjugal possibilities, work possibilities, economic wellbeing, and acquiring potential. (Ashikari 2003b; Goon and Craven 2003; Leslie 2004) One of the studies was led in The Quest for Beauty: Asias Fascination with Pale face demonstrated Malaysian men figured their accomplices would be increasingly appealing with a light complexion tone. (Deirde,B, Helen, C, Mark, D, F, 2010) In a similar report, it additionally expressed that diverse culture may bring about various translation on the importance of whiteness. To give a more clear picture, in Japan, light complexion is equivalent to riches and high instruction level. As in Thailand, the light complexion is constantly connected with the higher economic wellbeing and riches. As difference to the white, dark, in Indian culture represent as oppressed individ uals and regularly identified with dull, messy, wrong, heck, and so on. Despite what might be expected, Indian culture incline toward lighter skin tone as it related with the Bright side of the way of life. White, in Indian culture, is see as an indication of magnificence, virtue, neatness, satisfaction, and image of intensity. (Arif 2004).Moreover, light complexion is likewise introduced as great marriage in India. In general, whiteness is a significant indicator for introducing the positive picture in the Indian culture Wants for whiteness, under this chain of affiliations, is sought after Despite of the various social distinctive in Asia district, they are holding the normal conviction to have fair complexion. In any case, a portion of the scholastics, activists and sociologists mirror the advertising of skin-lighteners as bigotry. (Wise, 2009; August, 2008; BBC News, 2003) In this exploration study, not just spotlight on the promotion of ladies magazine in Malaysia, yet in addition center around brightening body care item. 2.2 Background There are a few things will talk about in the meeting of foundation which included excellence items for ladies, the reasonableness is more rage, segregation of individuals, promoting by and large for these items, printed commercial and magazine notices. 2.2.1 Beauty items for ladies People groups needs and wants to be lovely should be indistinguishable everywhere throughout the world. With the guide of excellence item, individuals can pick up certainty and remain before swarm unafraid. In this cutting edge society, the early introductions brought to individuals are essential. Individuals are progressively accentuation on the appearance instead of other increasingly solid measures (Barthel 1988: 3) and stress on the enrichment of the female body, with the guides of the style and corrective items (Barthel 1988: 8) Based on this explanation, the last item classifications, the hair care, aroma, and individual items are every now and again used to upgrade the engaging quality and the level of sexuality on the individual. Additionally, excellence likewise alludes to customary make-up, which included lipstick, mascara and establishment, just as contemporary make-up, for example, tinted/seasoned lip emollient/sparkle. (Pawlowski, 2007) 2.2.2 Fairness is more fever As per Bray (2002), there are practically 50% of 35 to 54 years of Asians utilized healthy skin item with brightening capacity, a few experts have said it could be worth billions of dollars. In Asian nations, that has been a pattern of development of brightening and helping item since that have long chronicles of using light complexion as a key model of individual magnificence. There is a Chinese figure of speech One whiteness can cover three sorts of offensiveness. In individuals discernment, light complexion is consistently an image of style and respectability. White jade is regularly utilized as a representation to depict such decency. The inclinations for white of light complexion are normal in the cutting edge Asian market. In India, for instance, a huge piece of numerous Sunday papers is devoted to individual ads by men looking for lighter looking ladies (Leong, 2006) 2.2.3 Discrimination of individuals Despite the fact that skin brightening item can help individuals skin tone, it might in a roundabout way separate the races that have darker skin tone. For example, that is a contention in India because of the Fair and Lovely commercial. The promotion demonstrated a youthful, darker looking young ladies father bemoaning he had no child to accommodate him, as his little girls pay was not sufficiently high the recommendation being that she could neither show signs of improvement work or get hitched in light of her brown complexion. (BBC News, 2003) This commercial has a mind-boggling responces. As per Luce and Merchant (2003), 90% of Indian ladies need to utilize brightening item and that is an amazing pattern development in the quantity of skin-helping items. In their observation, light complexion speak to great training and bound to wed well. Be that as it may, a portion of the sociologists and scholastics called attention to that isn't just an off-base virtue, yet additionally dirty the youthful ages mind. . (BBC News, 2003) According to Lipsitz (1998, p. 3), the intensity of whiteness depended not just on white authority over discrete racialized gatherings, yet additionally on controlling racial pariahs to battle against each other, to contend with one another for white endorsement, and to look for the prizes and benefits of whiteness for themselves to the detriment actually of other racialized populaces. 2.2.4 Advertising when all is said in done for these items TV, radio broadcast, web, and even outside promoting are sorted as communicated media. The distinctive limited time apparatuses will convey various advantages to the sponsors. Because of this reasons, dominant part of worldwide publicizing embracing more than one sort of promoting apparatus to advance their item 2.2.5 Print notice Print publicizing characterized as the scattering of promoting messages utilizing visual, printed thing, for example, papers, indexes, mailers, flyers and magazine notice. (Jade, nd) Under the solid rivalry with other communicate media, for example, TV and radio, print commercial despite everything place a significant job to the promoter. Contrast and other communicate media, print notice permit to introduce increasingly nitty gritty data. Incidentally, print promotion, for example, paper and magazine allude as a high contribution of media, it implies printed ad is greater selectivity and it can enable the organization to arrive at the particular objective perusers and clients. 2.2.6 Magazine ad Through magazine ad, the organization can arrive at the specific objective market in and instructed the peruser about the item information in the brief time frame. Additionally, the expense of the promoting on magazine is a lot less expensive contrast and other specialized instrument, for example, TV and radio. From the 1880s onwards, promoting has assumed an imperative job in molding the structure and substance of womens magazines. What's more, it has an unmistakable and solid connection among publicizing and womens magazines. Plus, magazines were planned as gatherings for national promotions focused on ladies. As indicated by Veronica (2010), there is no sign for change sooner rather than later as the example has existed for over 100 years. Magazines notice is basic device for advertiser since it gives a discussion to sex focused on publicizing. Advertiser can successfully convey their message to the intended interest groups. As per McCracken (1993), womens magazines allude as an amazing promoting medium since publicizing possesses up to 95 percent of the space in some womens magazines, gaining these distributions the more proper title, womens publicizing magazines. Womens magazines, are a circle of action that perusers see as a zone of opportunity, free decision and spare time (McCracken 1993) and the promoting inside makes new needs and needs. The announcement from McCracken (1993) shows the high readership for ladies magazines. The job of ladies magazines is gradually changing to the narrating component of society in light of the expansion of publicizing material. (Jhally 2000: 30). 2.3 Variable 2.3.1 Size of the notice All in all, the choices of the size of the magazine grouped into half page, one page, twofold page or more than two pages.(Pu, Y,R, 2003) According to McCracken (1993), ladies magazines contained half 60% of full-page promotion. There enormous size of the notice gives a more clear ad detail and sponsor all the more effectively to address it. In the ongoing article, one of the analyst, twofold page of the notice can draw in more one-fourth of peruser than one page and one page of size notice can pull in more 33% peruser than half page. (Print Ad Placement, 2011) Some of the advertiser will favor half page size of ad, on the off chance that they confronted t

IMP 2 POW 8 Essay -- Math Mathmatics Problems

Issue Statement      My task was to discover 3 conditions, that would offer me a response, in the event that I had certain data. The first was to discover one that on the off chance that you realized that there were four pegs on the limit, and none on the inside, you could get the zone. The second was in the event that you realized that there were 4 pegs on the limit, and you knew what number of were on the inside, you could get the zone. What's more, last, in the event that you had the number on the inside, and the number on the limit, you could get the region.  â â â â Procedure      The initial two conditions, were a groundwork for the last, developing towards the total thought. This aided, on the grounds that I could finish the initial two before long. For Freddie I drew a 3 segment T-Table, with a drawing of the figure, the quantity of Pegs (in), and the Area (out). I searched for an example between the in and the out, and immediately discovered one that seemed well and good, and I worked it into a recipe. I got X/2-1=Y. Where X is IN (number of pegs) and Y is OUT (Area). This works in all shapes with no inside pegs, as Freddie depicted. I connected this T-Table.      For Sally I followed my karma of the 3 segment T-Table, and drew another with similar rules. The figure, the inside pegs (in), and the zone (out). After I filled in a couple of figures, and their properties, I saw a theme, and not long after, an equation, which worked for them. It was X+1=Y. This T-Table is likewise connected.      Now...the next was not all that simple. Frashy's necessary a since quite a while ago point of view, an...

Beliefs within Aboriginal Spirituality and Buddhism

Beliefs within Aboriginal Spirituality Buddhism Religion is a set of beliefs towards life where it helps describe the truth, purpose, lessons and outlook on life and also beliefs toward a higher authority or creator depending on the beliefs. Aboriginal spirituality is the set of beliefs of spiritual traditions and teachings which is passed down orally through the generations and centuries of believers. Buddhism is the set of beliefs of ending personal suffering and discovering happiness in life to achieve the state of nirvana which ends the cycle of reincarnation. Through Aboriginal Spirituality and Buddhism, there are similar themes in beliefs between these religions such as beliefs upon spirits, the circle of balance and afterlife; in which these ideas demonstrate and distinguish the relation between Aboriginal Spirituality and Buddhism. Spirits are known as the souls of a people that are intangible and immortal. Buddhism affiliates spirits as souls of people who are in the co nstant cycle of reincarnation and suffering. It is a believed that the souls of people are what carry them throughout the universe in the cycle as Buddhists believe in a constant state of change and that the physical existence and identity is never permanent; thus, everyone is associated with a spirit in this cycle of reincarnation. However, some spirits in Buddhism are also seen as deities which are those who attained a level of enlightenment yet instead of enlightenment, they stay toShow MoreRelatedReligion Belief Systems in Australia Post 19451239 Words   |  5 PagesReligion Belief Systems in Australia post 1945 Question 1: Aboriginal religion is based on land. Land is the heart of Aboriginal Dreaming and provides the assurance needed for the continuation of rituals and ceremonies (king, 2010, p.213). The effect of Dispossession on Aboriginal spiritualities related to the separation from their land was enormous and overwhelmingly detrimental. The impact of British colonisation resulted in Australia being declared terra-nullius land belonging to no-oneRead MoreAboriginal Culture : Aboriginal People Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout Australian history, Aboriginal people have been displaced and mistreated through the course of time, through the separation from their from kinship groups, land and the stolen generation. This has resulted in the connection to their dreaming lost, misconnection and loss of their sacred sites and traditional food from their land. As a consequence of the stolen generation, many aboriginal children were deprived of their parents, families, spirituality, language from their land and theirRead MoreThe Changing Patterns Of Religious Adherence3298 Words   |  14 Pagessince 1947. However, the number of respondants identifying themselves as Catholic has increased, from 20.9 in 1947, to 25.3 in 2011. Overall, Christianty is still the most popular religion in Australia as shown in the 2011 cens us data in figure 1.5. Within the different branches of Christianty there has been some trends recorded in the 2006 and 2011 census. The traditional churches, for example, such as the Uniting Church has experienced a decline. On the other hand, the newer Pentecostal movement gainedRead MoreAll About Religion and Spirituality1594 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1- What is Religion? Before deciding on the definition, I considered religion as being an â€Å"organised system of beliefs, ceremonies and rules to worship a god or a higher being†. The only phrase that I agreed with was the fact of religion being an â€Å"organised system† mainly because of the fact that there is a set way of practising the religion by, for example, praying and attending mass. In contradiction, the rest of the definition makes it seem as if religion is straight-forward on a communityRead MoreIndigenous Religions Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesof the World What is an ‘indigenous’ religion or belief system? When we hear the term ‘indigenous religion’, what comes to our minds? How do we react internally when those words are mentioned? How do adherents of indigenous religions feel about those outside of their social and cultural circles, who know very little of their beliefs and who understand them even less. And how did the term ‘indigenous’ become associated with various belief systems that, in many cases, preceded most modern religionsRead MoreQuestions On Exploring Religious Beliefs1298 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Religious Beliefs b. Religion and Daily Life c. Exploring Festivals, Celebrations and Memorialization d. Exploring the Milestones of Life 2. The four specific expectations of Exploring Religious Beliefs include: a. Origins of religion b. Significant Beliefs c. Practices and Rituals d. Sacred Writings and Oral Teachings 3. Similar characteristics that various religions share include: a collection of sacred writings (scriptures), belief in the supernatural and spiritual world, belief in the existenceRead MoreElements and Dimensions of Culture in Taiwan5062 Words   |  20 Pageselements and dimensions of culture in Taiwan The religion in the country highly affects the business culture in the country. The main religions in the country are Confucianism and Buddhism. These two religions affect the consumers in Taiwan since they have to subscribe within the beliefs provided. The Taiwanese follows these beliefs to the latter meaning that an individual who wants to associate to them must also respect the provisions of the religion. This includes the business people from other country

Principles and Practice of Social Work - Theoretical Assignment Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Feminist Social Work According to Walters (2005), feminism involves many of the movements and organisations that promote the concept of fighting for women’s political, social, and legal rights and freedoms in a male dominated society. In addition to groups that explicitly use the word feminism, scholars argue that any group that advocates for equality between men and women is feminist. These groups also fight for equal education and employment chances between men and women. Feminist theory is the framework that attempts to explain society structure and the role of gender in the functioning of society, accounting for all the opportunities that an individual stands to gain or lose by respect of being in this or that gender. For instance, not so long ago, society reserved some job positions for men as it considered them the breadwinners (Bell 2008). Gardiner (2002) asserts that, in 1928, Lucretia Mott and others played a pivotal role in campaigning for the abolishment of the slave trade, after which they focussed their efforts on women rights. They worked hard to ensure that all states in the United States of America passed laws that would allow people from all genders to enjoy equal rights and freedoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles and Practice of Social Work - Theoretical Assignment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Maxine Hong Kingston and others criticised early feminists for only campaigning for the rights of the working class white women, and wanted to include black women in the feminist movement. In addition, these third generation feminists campaigned for equality rather than suffrage, insisting that what women needed was an equal opportunity, rights and freedoms not favours as earlier feminists had postulated. They emphasised that campaigning for women to get preference treatment, it portrayed them as a weaker gender who could only survive on favours, a concept that went against the very spirit of feminism (Hochschild and Machung 2003). There are many classes of feminists depending on their approach in the fight for equality between men and women, though all agree that a person’s gender should not have a role in determining the opportunities and chances that society gives him or her. Two of the main different feminist approaches have a basis on the belief in society and gender roles; some believe that there are roles in society for a person depending on gender while others believe that gender roles are because of social conditioning. The former advocate for the needs of the society, believing of the need for someone to perform certain duties based on gender, while the latter advocates on individual rights and preferences, ensuring that everyone has a choice to do what they want regardless of gender.

Growth of the Automobile Industry in India - 988 Words

The automobile industry is the fastest growing sector in India. Growth in consumption patterns has encouraged tremendous improvement in manufacturing sector and the auto industry has been growing at a rapid pace recording over 2.06 million four-wheelers (passenger cars, light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps), and over 9 million two-and-three wheelers (scooters, motorcycles, mopeds, and three wheelers) - in 2006-07. (SBH India, 2008) It was this promising outlook for Indian auto industry that forced Fiat into a collaboration with Tata Corporation India in 2007. However within few months, troubles were reported and by 2010, it was officially considered an unfortunate venture since Fiat was losing in terms of sales and profits so rapidly that it made Fiat and Tata rethink their Joint venture. In 2011, the two companies decide to reorganize their distribution channels to allow separate distribution facilities. Fiat Motors had initially planned to sell through Tata dealers but the channel tie-up did not prove profitable as evidenced by sagging sales and in 2011 it was decided that separate dealerships might work better. The joint-venture agreement with Tata Motors stands. We are altering our marketing strategy. We have identified 20 cities where Fiat cars will now be sold separately and independently, said Ranjeev Kapoor, CEO of Tata India. (BS reporters 2011) Interestingly while Fiat sales were falling by 15 percent in India,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stock Price Movement Of Automobile Industry Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesSTOCK PRICE MOVEMENT OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA WITH REFERENCE TO BSE Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION of BANGALORE UNIVERSITY By Rino Mathew T.E Reg.No.14YUCMD126 Under the Guidance of Prof. Sudharsan Reddy Associate professor ACHARYA BANGALORE B-SCHOOL Bangalore University 2014-2015 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PROFILE OF INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IntroductionRead MorePresentation on Tata Nano Car1647 Words   |  7 PagesPresentation Transcript 1. Presentation On Tata Nano 2. Introduction Of Tata Nano o â€Å" Dream-dream and dream, because dream gives vision, vision gives thoughts and finally thoughts lead to the actionquot;. Each letter of these motivational words said by Indiaapos;s former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam goes exactly with Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman of Tata group, who in the year 2003, dreamt of producing a safe, affordable Car for the common man. Finally after the wait of five years, crossing all financialRead MoreA Brief Note On The Indian Automobile Industry Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesof Commerce and Industry, the automobile industry in India has seen a tremendous compound growth at the rate of 22 % between the year 1992 and 1997. Furthermore, the annual turnover of the automobile sector in India, in the financial year 2002-2003, is said to have surpassed the capital investment of Rs 50,000 crore. With Indian automobile corporations gaining international market, the turnover in the similar year was calculated to be Rs. 59,518 crore. The Indian automobile industry will be a standoutRead MoreEssay Gabriela Valdes 1 Chapter Question1036 Words   |  5 Pagescorruption, and economic progress? How important are anticorruption efforts in the efforts to improve a country’s level of economic development? Corruption can reduce growth but also how it can increase growth, for example, by avoiding bureaucratic delays. The results of cross-country empirical literature on the effect of corruption on growth are mixed. Since corruption is an incendiary topic that elicits much anger, it is also important to exercise caution and to pursue rational anti-corruption policiesRead MoreIndian Multinational Automobile Manufacturing Corporation Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pageslooks into the growth of Mahindra Mahindra Limited (MM), an Indian multinational automobile manufacturing corporation, regarding strategies that helped them to climb up the ladder in global and international market in automotive sector. 2. Automobile Industry 2.1 Background Mahindra Mahindra was established in 1945 as a steel trading company. It took hold of business opportunity in the manufacture and selling of MUVs. Its first vehicle was the assembly of Willys jeep in India. It was soon ableRead MoreGlobalization of Non-Western Countries1100 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning to feel its effects. One example is the auto industry. The automobile business is evolving rapidly on a worldwide basis. Car and parts manufacturers are merging, component design and manufacture are now frequently outsourced instead of being created in-house, brands are changing and the giant automobile companies are expanding deeper into providing financial services to car buyers. Meanwhile, all of the biggest, most successful automobile industry firms have become totally global in nature. GlobalizationRead MoreGlobal And Indian Telecommunication Industry979 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness. The global and Indian telecommunication industry will present numerous business opportunities in the year 2015. India’s metros are set to transition from 3G networks to 4G network, while many of the 2nd and 3rd tier cities in India will transition from 2G to 3G networks. Reliance, Airtel, Aircel, Videocon and Vodafone are all set to completely rollout their 4G networks during the year 2015, generating employment and wealth throughout India One of the business formats that is rapidly gainingRead MoreD Printing : An Additive Manufacturing Process1362 Words   |  6 Pageselectronics such as camera, textile industries such as clothes, automotive and metal industries. 3-D printing gives you the ease of fast prototyping at lower costs. America is one of the largest manufacturing outsourcing countries for India. India takes advantage of its cheap skilled labor, good foreign investment policies and ease to transport manufactured products to the USA. In this report we will focus on outsourcing of 3-D printed automotive parts from United States to India. We plan to place tradingRead MoreCase Study on the Rise of the Indian Automotive Industry1174 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study on the Rise of the Indian Automobile Industry Anthony Bradley Brown Mid-Continent University MGT 6013; DL 4M Case Study on the Rise of the Indian Automobile Industry The purpose of this document is to assess the growth of the automobile industry in India, and to discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing automobiles on a large scale in this region. As the car manufacturing industry in this region grows, it is important to understand why companies wouldRead MoreBrand Items And The Purchaser Basic Leadership Process1627 Words   |  7 Pagesprefer to purchase a familiar branded car. Customers would prefer not to attempt new or obscure marked cars in light of the fact that they have very little data about the slighter known brand. INDUSTRY PROFILE India is one of the most significant emerging car markets in the world today. Leading Automobile Ltd. (PAL) earned the division of manufacturing the first car in the country. Hindustan Motors (HM), which started as a manufacturer of auto components graduated to manufacture cars in 1949. Thanks

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement free essay sample

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement Assignment 3 Understanding the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessments It is imperative for all assessors to have an in depth understanding of the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessment. Furthermore, the Awarding Body have their own stipulations regarding assessment. These include; educational centres must ensure that they employ assessors that are suitably qualified and meet the occupational competency requirements of the sector assessment strategy and ensure that the assessment process is robust. Assessment carried out by an unqualified assessor must be countersigned by a qualified assessor who is occupationally competent. The assessment process should be informed by best practice and the latest NOS for Learning Development. Centre assessors are responsible and accountable for: a) Â  managing the assessment system, assessment planning, making and recording assessment decisions b) Â  assessing evidence of learner competence against NOS and the requirements of the assessment criteria in the qualification c) Â  ensuring that learners’ evidence is valid, authentic and sufficient ) Â  maintaining accurate and verifiable learner assessment and achievement records. The assessment process should support learners towards the achievement of their qualification aim, whilst ensuring that the requirements of the NOS for assessment and the sector are met. Part of the role of the assessor is to raise the quality of assessment through: a) engaging learners at an early stage in the assessment process b) Â  effective and efficient assessment of naturally occurring activity c) Â  holistic assessment to maximise assessment opportunities ) Â  using interim assessment to provide advice and support at an early opportunity e) Â  encouraging access through using the range of assessment methods f) Â  using technology to reduce the assessment and administrative burden Assessors should always be aware that assessment needs to be fair, consistent and transparent, with all students having the opportunity of attaining the assessment criteria. All learners should be treated as individuals to ensure that no learner is discriminated (directly or indirectly) against and to uphold a ‘fair playing field’ in respect that no learner has any advantage over another. In order to ensure this happens the assessor has a legal and moral obligation to share the same information to all learners, along with appropriate support and development of all learners in order for them to complete assessment tasks. Therefore, one additional aspect of assessment is an appeals procedure for candidates not happy with results. Assessment within NVQ is ongoing with the candidate fully participating in the assessment process, e. g. through assessment planning and reviews of performance. If this participation is taken seriously then it must be accepted that there will be times when the candidates and assessors perceptions, of whether agreed evidence (agreed during assessment planning/review stages) meets the standards, are going to be different. If this occurs, the candidate should have the right to appeal via an accessible and open system. The characteristics of our appeals structure related to NVQ will include: Access to fair and reliable assessment Clear and prompt response times Stages that provide all parties with the opportunity to put their case Clear outcomes Constructive feedback Be related to the Candidates assessment records A formal recording system Evaluation of appeals Response times to appeals will be measured in days rather than in months or years and not be so bureaucratic as effectively to nullify the purpose of having such a system. From a legal standpoint it is an Assessors remit to enforce strict guidelines with regards to the difference between guiding and supplying the learners with answers for assessment tasks. Legally, assessors cannot give assessment answers or condone learners copying each others learning and assessment material. As an NVQ Assessor I am aware of the duty of care encompassing the legislation and code of practice regarding the following: Health and Safety Act of 1974 Equal opportunities Act of 1974 Data protection act of 1998 Disability discrimination Risk Assessment Lone working The Health and Safety Act 1974 (HASAWA) places certain responsibilities on the employer, or in this case, the Assessor. The Assessor has to provide a safe working environment, provide information on health and safety, such as emergency exits and fire assembly points, and also undertake risk assessment of all hazards in the working/assessment environment. However, risk assessments are primarily the responsibility of the owner or manager of the facility. Moreover, all staff must be CRB checked in order to confirm that there is no risk whatsoever to the learner, in line with the Child Protection Act of 1984. Equal opportunity Act of 1974 also needs to be implemented, as was alluded to in the above paragraph, by adopting an inclusion policy and understanding that each learner will have specific and unique needs and that it is the job of the Assessor to differentiate tasks and lessons to meet these individual needs. For example, in my NVQ class I had a variety of needs from, learners with dyslexia, partial sighted and also with speech impediments. Therefore I made sure that I always used a variety of tools in which to teach and assess, such as, reading material in larger print, visual aids on the projector which explained what I was teaching and also electronic recording equipment (video and dictaphone) as another option for learners to utilise in learning and assessment. However, due care needs to be taken and strict adhesion to the Data Protection Act of 1998 in order for any material not to fall into the wrong hands. In terms of confidentiality regarding assessment all exams papers and any other marking material must not be shared with the learners before assessment in accordance with Award Body regulations. Assessment guidelines and assessment criteria can be shared as long as it is not providing answers that can be used by learners. This can be done by formulating individual action plans with learners, to highlight how learners can improve. Furthermore, all completed assessments must be located securely as to ensure no students can acquire papers or material and duplicate answers. In the case of my NVQ group all assessment material was locked away in head office and was only accessible to me and senior management. Senior management would have the final say if ever an event occurred in which a learners welfare was at risk and then safeguarding the learners welfare becomes the higher priority (Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act, 2006) The welfare of learners, whether that be my NVQ learners, school pupils or any other individuals in the community, is paramount and also a legal requirement. In the community that we serve there are many vulnerable individuals who’s safety can be at risk without any obvious signs, and also individuals with many kinds of underlying medical conditions which need to be considered by the assessor. During the first week of my NVQ class we had a ‘Protecting child welfare’ course in which we were taught how to identify warning signs of; abuse, depression and other mental health issues. Therefore, it is always of paramount importance that as an assessor you are vigilant and aware of all your learners behaviours at all times and if need be intervene and assess steps that may need to be taken. As far as the physical health related issues are concerned, we (NVQ class) used confidential pro-forma’s to identify any issues of individuals so that we could be prepared and have any relevant equipment close at hand and maybe also adapt sessions accordingly with respect to individual needs. Health questionnaires are in the award body regulations and can be found in the Health Related activity book. Technology can vastly improve the assessment process as it makes it a more dynamic process in which all learners have an opportunity to show their true understanding of the subject matter covered and their particular skill set. I also believe that it interlinks with fair assessment as no learner is at a disadvantage due to the fact they cant show their understanding in one medium. Therefore everybody has the same opportunity to display their knowledge. For example, a learner may have a great understanding of subject matter, yet may not be able to put their understanding down in words. Therefore, if they could be video recorded displaying their knowledge practically (with written consent from themselves or carers if pre 16 years of age) or audio recorded giving answers to questions they could be graded accurately and attain the optimum level of achievement. Another great advantage to the integration of technology is that it is relatively simple and easy to use, sometimes even more straight forward than traditional assessment, and brings a new exciting dimension to learning which in turn can inspire and motivate learners to achieve more. Some great wall displays have been produced and a good database full of information due to the integration of technology in class and assessment. Furthermore, greater feedback can be given as learners can see themselves in real time on video instead of trying to decipher pages of feedback. They can see exactly where they need to improve and develop in a very clear and concise manner. Another main area of concern regarding the principles and practices of assessment is equality and diversity (Equality Act, 2010). There are many issues which need to be taken into consideration regarding assessment with respect to equality and diversity. Individual needs, beliefs and cultures need to be respected and treated with the appropriate sensitivity. For example, in my NVQ class I had learner ‘O’. Learner O was of Muslim faith and was celebrating the festival of Eid, which requires followers to fast for a large part of the day for a month. During this month all learners were scheduled to perform their practical sessions and take part in other sessions. However, it would not have been ethical to expect learner O to take part in these sessions as he would be depleted of energy and could be at risk of negatively effecting his health. Therefore, special dispensation was afforded to learner O to take part in these sessions the following month. Furthermore, I was aware that concentration may decrease during this month. Other areas which need to be considered from equality and diversity prospective are; gender, race, sexual orientation and age (Disability and Equality Act, 2010). These factors give rise to a number of individual needs. Assessment needs to be age specific and be compared to relevant performance criteria, along with being written in age appropriate language as to not confuse or patronise learners. Moreover, topics covered need to ensure that no offense will be incurred by any party with regards to the above categories. For example I would not start a debate regarding the idea of male dominance in sport or peoples view of homosexuality. Another aspect of diversity in the assessment process may be a language barrier, especially in the case of my NVQ class who were predominantly from an ethnic background. There are ways to overcome such barriers. The use of an interpreter could be used for assessment (a dialogue being recorded and sent off) with the aid of assessment material converted into the required language. If one thing is abundantly clear in the nature of assessment, it is the need for individuals to constantly develop. Nobody has ever learned enough and there is always room for improvement. Therefore, this goes for the assessor themselves. It is imperative that assessors constantly monitor their own progress with self assessment, peer review, learner feedback and continued development of CPD’s. The act of reflective practice is the driving force that spearheads future development and evolves the assessment process by ascertaining what aspects work best, when, how and why. Furthermore, sharing this reflective practice with other assessors fosters an environment and situations which aid the effective use of assessment and help reach the goal of accurately and fairly assessing learner knowledge along with realising potential. Without reflective practice the assessor risks walking blindly down a ‘dark alley’ of assessment where they fail themselves, but more importantly fail the learner, which is wholly unacceptable. Effective planning also aids the reflective process, as you can see the amount of work covered and the result of certain class dynamics, i. e. group work, group size etc. This gives you a great visual format in which to adapt your future plans in order to maintain optimum, effective performance in sessions and assessment. Assessment will always carry some for of risk at some level. Perhaps one of the greatest risks posed in my NVQ group was the risk of injury and participant health safety whilst taking part in a variety of sports. The best way to protect against the risks are to have effective planning in place with all relevant risk assessment completed, checking pitches for broken glass, making sure goals are anchored and equipment checks, along with alternative provisions incase your first plan of action cannot go ahead. Moreover, another challenge is not discriminating against any learners. This could involve taking all learning types into consideration to ensure that all learners understand what they have to carry out through agreement on the assessment action plan that the learner signs, so effective communication is extremely important, which means the assessor listening as giving input. Furthermore, clear guidelines on discipline are needed in order to prevent any hazards occurring and also to foster a safe, productive learning environment.